Rules for transcribing and transliterating

Russian letter

Transliteration

А

A

Б

B

В

V

Г

G

Д

D

Е

E (after consonants),

Ye/ye (at the beginning of a word, after vowels and the soft sign)

Ё

Yo

Ж

Zh

З

Z

И

I

Й

Y

К

K

Л

L

М

M

Н

N

О

O

П

P

Р

R

С

S

Т

T

У

U

Ф

F

Х

Kh

Ц

Ts

Ч

Ch

Ш

Sh

Щ

Sch

Ъ

don't transliterate

exception: ъе → ye

Ы

Y

as an exception, write the ending ый → y

(similarly, write the ending ий → y)

Ь

omit it

as an exception, write y before the letter И

Э

E

Ю

Yu

Я

Ya

Belarusian letter

Transliteration

А а

A a

Б б

B b

В в

V v

Г г

G g

Д д

D d

Е е

Je je (at the beginning of a word, after vowels, an apostrophe, a separating soft sign, and ў),

ie (after consonants)

Ё ё

Jo jo (at the beginning of a word, after vowels, an apostrophe, a separating soft sign, and ў),

io (after consonants)

Ж ж

Zh zh

З з

Z z

І і

I i

Й й

J j

К к

K k

Л л

L l

М м

M m

Н н

N n

О о

O o

П п

P p

Р р

R r

С с

S s

Т т

T t

У у

U u

Ў ў

W w

Ф ф

F f

Х х

H h

Ц ц

C c

Ч ч

Ch ch

Ш ш

Sh sh

Ы ы

Y y

Ь ь

Not used.

— Skip the separating soft sign in transliteration. Transliterate the vowel that follows it (е, ё, ю, я) according to the rules (j in combination with the following vowel of the word's phonetic composition).

— Skip the softening soft sign in transliteration.

Э э

E e

Ю ю

Ju ju (at the beginning of a word, after vowels, an apostrophe, a separating soft sign, and ў),

iu (after consonants)

Я я

Ja ja (at the beginning of a word, after vowels, an apostrophe, a soft sign, and ў),

ia (after consonants)

’ (apostrophe)

Skip apostrophes in transliteration. Transliterate the vowel that follows it (е, ё, ю, я): j in combination with the following vowel of the word's phonetic composition.

Kazakh letter

Russian letter

а

а

ә

а

б

б

в

в

г

г

ғ

г

д

д

е

е

ё

ё

ж

ж

з

з

и

и

й

й

к

к

қ

к,

x — in the second syllable of the word қазақ and its derivatives

л

л,

ль — before consonants and at the end of words after the vowels ә, е, і, ө, ү

м

м

н

н

ң

н

о

о

ө

о

п

п

р

р

с

с

т

т

у

у

ұ

у

ү

у

ф

ф

х

х

ц

ц

ч

ч

ш

ш

щ

щ

ъ

ъ

ы

ы

і

и,

ы — after the consonants т, д at the end of words

ь

ь

ә

э

ю

ю

я

я